Chapter 01
Genetics: The Study of Biological Information

Multiple Choice Questions
 
1.  
How does DNA structure relate to its function?
 
A.  
The order of the amino acids in the DNA strand code for the nucleotides found in proteins.

B. 
All proteins are coded for from only one of the two strands of DNA.

C. 
How tightly the DNA strands are coiled dictate the amino acid sequence of the proteins that are produced from the genes.

D. 
The order of the nucleotides in a gene dictate the amino acid sequence of the proteins that are produced from the genes.

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Learning Objective: 01.01.01 Relate the structure of DNA function.
Section: 01.01
Topic: DNA - The Fundamental Information Molecule of Life

2. 
What is the difference between the structure of DNA and proteins?
 
A. 
DNA is composed of amino acids and proteins are composed of nucleotides.

B. 
DNA is composed of the 4 nucleotides A, G, C and T while proteins are composed of the 4 nucleotides A, G, C and U

C. 
DNA is composed of nucleotides and proteins are composed of amino acids

D. 
DNA is composed of 10 different amino acids while proteins are composed of 20 different amino acids

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Learning Objective: 01.02.01 Compare the chemical structures of DNA and proteins.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Proteins - The Functional Molecules of Life Processes

3.  
A genome can be best described as
 
A.  
a segment of DNA that codes for a protein.

B.  
DNA associated with proteins

C.  
an A-T or G-C nucleotide pair.

D.  
all the genes in a cell

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Learning Objective: 01.01.02 Differentiate between a chromosome, DNA, a gene, a base pair, and a protein.
Section: 01.01
Topic: DNA - The Fundamental Information Molecule of Life

4.  
What is the difference between the function of DNA and the function of proteins?
 
A.  
DNA acts as the effector molecule while proteins store information.

B.  
Both molecules store information DNA in the order of its nucleetoides and proteins in the order of amino acids

C.  
DNA acts to store information while proteins are the effector molecules.

D.  
DNA provides structure to the cell while proteins act as enzymes

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Learning Objective: 01.02.02 Differentiate between the functions of DNA and the functions of proteins.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Proteins - The Functional Molecules of Life Processes

5. What is one statement that would support the theory that all organisms are related? 
A.  
The genetic code is almost universal.

B. 
All flies have 2 wings.

C. 
Eukaryotes have mitochondria.

D.  
Prokaryotes have circular chromosomes.

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Learning Objective: 01.03.01 Summarize the molecular evidence for the common origin of living organisms.
Section: 01.03
Topic: Molecular Similarities of All Life-Forms

6.  
New genes are thought to arise by which mechanism?
 
A. 
Duplication followed by mutation of one of the copies.

B. 
Mating of two highly related species.

C. 
Duplication without mutation of any of the copies.

D. 
Mating of two species that are not related.

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Learning Objective: 01.04.01 Describe mechanisms by which new genes could arise.

7. 
Changes in protein expression can alter gene function since
 
A.  
changes in expression can alter regulatory networks.

B.  
low levels of protein mean that the protein can sustain mutations more readily without any harm to the cell.

C. 
high levels of protein mean that the protein can sustain mutations more readily without any harm to the cell.

D. 
the cell responds only to high levels of protein.

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Learning Objective: 01.04.02 Explain how regulation of gene expression can alter gene function.
Section: 01.04
Topic: The Modular Construction of Genomes

8.  
Most recently what technical advancement has accelerated the study of genomes?
 
A.  
The ability to sequence large complex genomes rapidly and economically.

B.  
The ability to isolate and sequence individual genes.

C.  
The ability to screen for mutations in individual genes.

D.  
The ability to determine the expression of all the mRNAs in a single cell.

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Learning Objective: 01.05.01 Explain how advances in technology have accelerated the analysis of genomes.
Section: 01.05
Topic: Modern Genetic Techniques

9. 
What is the difference between genetic dissection and genome sequencing?
 
A. 
Genetic dissection studies a single gene at a time while genome sequencing can study all the genes in a genome at once.

B.  
Genetic dissection studies all the genes at a time while genome sequencing can study only one gene at a time.

C. 
It is essential that mutations are available for genetic dissection and mutations are of no use in the study of genomes by genome sequencing.

D. 
The genetic dissection approach requires only wild type animals while the study of genomes by genomic sequencing requires mutants.

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Learning Objective: 01.05.02 Compare the knowledge obtained from genetic dissection and genome sequencing.

10.  
Currently, what kinds of information can be obtained from sequencing an individual's genome?
 
A. 
If they carry any genes that might predispose them to a disease such as cancer.

B.  
If they carry any genes that will predispose them to criminal activity.

C.  
Information that psychiatrists can use to predict personality and behavior.

D. 
Information that will accurately predict the life span of an individual.

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Learning Objective: 01.06.01 Describe the types of information that can be obtained from an inidividual's genome sequence.
Section: 01.06
Topic: Human Genetics and Society

11.  
One potential problem of allowing the genomic sequences of individuals to become widely available is that it may lead to
 
A.  
discrimination by insurance companies.

B. 
worse treatment options.

C.  
prohibitive cost for people becoming worried about their futures.

D.  
pharmaceutical companies using the data without paying the individual for the information.

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Learning Objective: 01.06.02 Discuss the social issues that arise from the availability of personal genome sequences.
Topic: Human Genetics and Society